Active acne is a common inflammatory skin condition that typically affects the face, neck, and back, presenting as blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples. It occurs when hair follicles under the skin become clogged with a mixture of sebum (skin oil) and dead skin cells, leading to the formation of lesions known as pimples. Factors such as hormonal changes, genetics, excess oil production, bacterial growth, and inflammation contribute to the development of acne. While acne can affect individuals of all ages and ethnicities, it is most prevalent among teenagers and young adults.

The different types of active acne include comedonal acne, inflammatory acne (which includes pustules and papules), and nodulocystic acne. Comedonal acne arises from clogged pores and can appear as open (blackheads) or closed (whiteheads).